域名預(yù)訂/競(jìng)價(jià)，好“米”不錯(cuò)過(guò)
這篇文章主要介紹了Git Submodule使用完整教程(小結(jié)),文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧。
自從看了蔣鑫的《Git權(quán)威指南》之后就開(kāi)始使用Git Submodule功能，團(tuán)隊(duì)也都熟悉了怎么使用，多個(gè)子系統(tǒng)(模塊)都能及時(shí)更新到最新的公共資源，把使用的過(guò)程以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)和容易遇到的問(wèn)題分享給大家。
Git Submodule功能剛剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)可能覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)怪異，所以本教程把每一步的操作的命令和結(jié)果都用代碼的形式展現(xiàn)給大家，以便更好的理解。
1.對(duì)于公共資源各種程序員的處理方式
每個(gè)公司的系統(tǒng)都會(huì)有一套統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)風(fēng)格，或者針對(duì)某一個(gè)大客戶的多個(gè)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)格保持統(tǒng)一，而且如果風(fēng)格改動(dòng)后要同步到多個(gè)系統(tǒng)中;這樣的需求幾乎每個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)人員都遇到，下面看看各個(gè)層次的程序員怎么處理：
假如對(duì)于系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)格需要幾個(gè)目錄：css、images、js。
普通程序員，把最新版本的代碼逐個(gè)復(fù)制到每個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，如果有N個(gè)項(xiàng)目，那就是要復(fù)制N x 3次;如果漏掉了某個(gè)文件夾沒(méi)有復(fù)制…@(&#@#。
文藝程序員，使用Git Submodule功能，執(zhí)行：git submodule update，然后沖一杯咖啡悠哉的享受著。
引用一段《Git權(quán)威指南》的話： 項(xiàng)目的版本庫(kù)在某些情況蝦需要引用其他版本庫(kù)中的文件，例如公司積累了一套常用的函數(shù)庫(kù)，被多個(gè)項(xiàng)目調(diào)用，顯然這個(gè)函數(shù)庫(kù)的代碼不能直接放到某個(gè)項(xiàng)目的代碼中，而是要獨(dú)立為一個(gè)代碼庫(kù)，那么其他項(xiàng)目要調(diào)用公共函數(shù)庫(kù)該如何處理呢?分別把公共函數(shù)庫(kù)的文件拷貝到各自的項(xiàng)目中會(huì)造成冗余，丟棄了公共函數(shù)庫(kù)的維護(hù)歷史，這顯然不是好的方法。
2.開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)Git Submodule
“工欲善其事，必先利其器”!
既然文藝程序員那么輕松就搞定了，那我們就把過(guò)程一一道來(lái)。
說(shuō)明：本例采用兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目以及兩個(gè)公共類庫(kù)演示對(duì)submodule的操作。因?yàn)樵谝粚?xiě)資料或者書(shū)上的例子都是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)1～N個(gè)lib，但是實(shí)際應(yīng)用往往并不是這么簡(jiǎn)單。
2.1 創(chuàng)建Git Submodule測(cè)試項(xiàng)目
2.1.1 準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境
? henryyan@hy-hp ~ pwd
/home/henryyan
mkdir -p submd/repos
創(chuàng)建需要的本地倉(cāng)庫(kù)：
cd ~/submd/repos
git --git-dir=lib1.git init --bare
git --git-dir=lib2.git init --bare
git --git-dir=project1.git init --bare
git --git-dir=project2.git init --bare
初始化工作區(qū)：
mkdir ~/submd/ws
cd ~/submd/ws
2.1.2 初始化項(xiàng)目
初始化project1：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone ../repos/project1.git
Cloning into project1...
done.
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd project1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) echo "project1" > project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? ls
project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git add project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: project-infos.txt
#
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git commit -m "init project1"
[master (root-commit) 473a2e2] init project1
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git push origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 232 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
* [new branch] master -> master
</file>
初始化project2：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 cd ..
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone ../repos/project2.git
Cloning into project2...
done.
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd project2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) echo "project2" > project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? ls
project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git add project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: project-infos.txt
#
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "init project2"
[master (root-commit) 473a2e2] init project2
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git push origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 232 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project2.git
* [new branch] master -> master
</file>
2.1.3 初始化公共類庫(kù)
初始化公共類庫(kù)lib1：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone ../repos/lib1.git
Cloning into lib1...
done.
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib1 git:(master) echo "I'm lib1." > lib1-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib1 git:(master) ? git add lib1-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib1 git:(master) ? git commit -m "init lib1"
[master (root-commit) c22aff8] init lib1
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 lib1-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib1 git:(master) git push origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 227 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/lib1.git
* [new branch] master -> master
初始化公共類庫(kù)lib2：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib1 git:(master) cd ..
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone ../repos/lib2.git
Cloning into lib2...
done.
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib2 git:(master) echo "I'm lib2." > lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib2 git:(master) ? git add lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "init lib2"
[master (root-commit) c22aff8] init lib2
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib2 git:(master) git push origin master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 227 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/lib2.git
* [new branch] master -> master
2.2 為主項(xiàng)目添加Submodules
2.2.1 為project1添加lib1和lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/lib2 git:(master) cd ../project1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ls
project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git submodule add ~/submd/repos/lib1.git libs/lib1
Cloning into libs/lib1...
done.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git submodule add ~/submd/repos/lib2.git libs/lib2
Cloning into libs/lib2...
done.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? ls
libs project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? ls libs
lib1 lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: .gitmodules
# new file: libs/lib1
# new file: libs/lib2
#
# 查看一下公共類庫(kù)的內(nèi)容
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cat libs/lib1/lib1-features
I'm lib1.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cat libs/lib2/lib2-features
I'm lib2.
</file>
好了，到目前為止我們已經(jīng)使用git submodule add命令為project1成功添加了兩個(gè)公共類庫(kù)(lib1、lib2)，查看了當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)發(fā)現(xiàn)添加了一個(gè)新文件(.gitmodules)和兩個(gè)文件夾(libs/lib1、libs/lib2);那么新增的.gitmodules文件是做什么用的呢?我們查看一下文件內(nèi)容便知曉了：
n@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? cat .gitmodules
[submodule "libs/lib1"]
path = libs/lib1
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git
[submodule "libs/lib2"]
path = libs/lib2
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git
原來(lái)如此，.gitmodules記錄了每個(gè)submodule的引用信息，知道在當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目的位置以及倉(cāng)庫(kù)的所在。
好的，我們現(xiàn)在把更改提交到倉(cāng)庫(kù)。
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git commit -a -m "add submodules[lib1,lib2] to project1"
[master 7157977] add submodules[lib1,lib2] to project1
3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 .gitmodules
create mode 160000 libs/lib1
create mode 160000 libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 491 bytes, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
45cbbcb..7157977 master -> master
假如你是第一次引入公共類庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā)人員，那么項(xiàng)目組的其他成員怎么Clone帶有Submodule的項(xiàng)目呢，下面我們?cè)賑lone一個(gè)項(xiàng)目講解如何操作。
2.3 Clone帶有Submodule的倉(cāng)庫(kù)
模擬開(kāi)發(fā)人員B……
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cd ~/submd/ws
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone ../repos/project1.git project1-b
Cloning into project1-b...
done.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd project1-b
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git submodule
-c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1 libs/lib1
-7290dce0062bd77df1d83b27dd3fa3f25a836b54 libs/lib2
看到submodules的狀態(tài)是hash碼和文件目錄，但是注意前面有一個(gè)減號(hào)：-，含義是該子模塊還沒(méi)有檢出。
OK，檢出project1-b的submodules……
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git submodule init
Submodule 'libs/lib1' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git) registered for path 'libs/lib1'
Submodule 'libs/lib2' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git) registered for path 'libs/lib2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git submodule update
Cloning into libs/lib1...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib1': checked out 'c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1'
Cloning into libs/lib2...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib2': checked out '7290dce0062bd77df1d83b27dd3fa3f25a836b54'
讀者可以查看：.git/config文件的內(nèi)容，最下面有submodule的注冊(cè)信息!
驗(yàn)證一下類庫(kù)的文件是否存在：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) cat libs/lib1/lib1-features libs/lib2/lib2-features
I'm lib1.
I'm lib2.
上面的兩個(gè)命令(git submodule init & update)其實(shí)可以簡(jiǎn)化，后面會(huì)講到!
2.3 修改Submodule
我們?cè)陂_(kāi)發(fā)人員B的項(xiàng)目上修改Submodule的內(nèi)容。
先看一下當(dāng)前Submodule的狀態(tài)：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) cd libs/lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git status
# Not currently on any branch.
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
為什么是Not currently on any branch呢?不是應(yīng)該默認(rèn)在master分支嗎?別急，一一解答!
Git對(duì)于Submodule有特殊的處理方式，在一個(gè)主項(xiàng)目中引入了Submodule其實(shí)Git做了3件事情：
記錄引用的倉(cāng)庫(kù)
記錄主項(xiàng)目中Submodules的目錄位置
記錄引用Submodule的commit id
在project1中push之后其實(shí)就是更新了引用的commit id，然后project1-b在clone的時(shí)候獲取到了submodule的commit id，然后當(dāng)執(zhí)行g(shù)it submodule update的時(shí)候git就根據(jù)gitlink獲取submodule的commit id，最后獲取submodule的文件，所以clone之后不在任何分支上;但是master分支的commit id和HEAD保持一致。
查看~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1的引用信息：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 cat .git/HEAD
c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 cat .git/refs/heads/master
c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1
現(xiàn)在我們要修改lib1的文件需要先切換到master分支：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git:(master) echo "add by developer B" >> lib1-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git:(master) ? git commit -a -m "update lib1-features by developer B"
[master 36ad12d] update lib1-features by developer B
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
在主項(xiàng)目中修改Submodule提交到倉(cāng)庫(kù)稍微繁瑣一點(diǎn)，在git push之前我們先看看project1-b狀態(tài)：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
</file></file>
libs/lib1 (new commits)狀態(tài)表示libs/lib1有新的提交，這個(gè)比較特殊，看看project1-b的狀態(tài)：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git diff
diff --git a/libs/lib1 b/libs/lib1
index c22aff8..36ad12d 160000
--- a/libs/lib1
+++ b/libs/lib1
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1
+Subproject commit 36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2
從狀態(tài)中可以看出libs/lib1的commit id由原來(lái)的c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1更改為36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2
注意：如果現(xiàn)在執(zhí)行了git submodule update操作那么libs/lib1的commit id又會(huì)還原到c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1，
這樣的話剛剛的修改是不是就丟死了呢?不會(huì)，因?yàn)樾薷囊呀?jīng)提交到了master分支，只要再git checkout master就可以了。
現(xiàn)在可以把libs/lib1的修改提交到倉(cāng)庫(kù)了：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? cd libs/lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 300 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git
c22aff8..36ad12d master -> master
現(xiàn)在僅僅只完成了一步，下一步要提交project1-b引用submodule的commit id：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b/libs/lib1 git:(master) cd ~/submd/ws/project1-b
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git add -u
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git commit -m "update libs/lib1 to lastest commit id"
[master c96838a] update libs/lib1 to lastest commit id
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 395 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
7157977..c96838a master -> master
OK，大功高成，我們完成了Submodule的修改并把libs/lib1的最新commit id提交到了倉(cāng)庫(kù)。
接下來(lái)要看看project1怎么獲取submodule了。
2.4 更新主項(xiàng)目的Submodules
好的，讓我們先進(jìn)入project1目錄同步倉(cāng)庫(kù)：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) cd ../project1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git pull
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1
7157977..c96838a master -> origin/master
Updating 7157977..c96838a
Fast-forward
libs/lib1 | 2 +-
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
</file></file>
我們運(yùn)行了git pull命令和git status獲取了最新的倉(cāng)庫(kù)源碼，然后看到了狀態(tài)時(shí)modified，這是為什么呢?
我們用git diff比較一下不同：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git diff
diff --git a/libs/lib1 b/libs/lib1
index 36ad12d..c22aff8 160000
--- a/libs/lib1
+++ b/libs/lib1
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2
+Subproject commit c22aff85be91eca442734dcb07115ffe526b13a1
從diff的結(jié)果分析出來(lái)時(shí)因?yàn)閟ubmodule的commit id更改了，我們前面剛剛講了要在主項(xiàng)目更新submodule的內(nèi)容首先要提交submdoule的內(nèi)容，然后再更新主項(xiàng)目中引用的submodulecommit id；現(xiàn)在我們看到的不同就是因?yàn)閯倓偢牧藀roject1-b的submodule commit id；好的，我來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下怎么更新project1的公共類庫(kù)。
follow me……
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git submodule update
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
</file></file>
為什么沒(méi)有更新?git submodule update命令不是更新子模塊倉(cāng)庫(kù)的嗎?
別急，先聽(tīng)我解釋;因?yàn)樽幽K是在project1中引入的，git submodule add ~/submd/repos/lib1.git libs/lib1命令的結(jié)果，操作之后git只是把lib1的內(nèi)容clone到了project1中，但是沒(méi)有在倉(cāng)庫(kù)注冊(cè)，證據(jù)如下：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd2/ws/project1 git:(master) ? cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
我們說(shuō)過(guò)git submodule init就是在.git/config中注冊(cè)子模塊的信息，下面我們?cè)囋囎?cè)之后再更新子模塊：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git submodule init
Submodule 'libs/lib1' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git) registered for path 'libs/lib1'
Submodule 'libs/lib2' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git) registered for path 'libs/lib2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git submodule update
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1
c22aff8..36ad12d master -> origin/master
Submodule path 'libs/lib1': checked out '36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
[submodule "libs/lib1"]
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git
[submodule "libs/lib2"]
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cat libs/lib1/lib1-features
I'm lib1.
add by developer B
上面的結(jié)果足以證明剛剛的推斷，所以記得當(dāng)需要更新子模塊的內(nèi)容時(shí)請(qǐng)先確保已經(jīng)運(yùn)行過(guò)git submodule init。
2.5 為project2添加lib1和lib2
這個(gè)操作對(duì)于讀到這里的你來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該是輕車(chē)熟路了，action：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cd ~/submd/ws/project2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git submodule add ~/submd/repos/lib1.git libs/lib1
Cloning into libs/lib1...
done.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git submodule add ~/submd/repos/lib2.git libs/lib2
zsh: correct 'libs/lib2' to 'libs/lib1' [nyae]? n
Cloning into libs/lib2...
done.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? ls
libs project-infos.txt
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git submodule init
Submodule 'libs/lib1' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git) registered for path 'libs/lib1'
Submodule 'libs/lib2' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git) registered for path 'libs/lib2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
# new file: .gitmodules
# new file: libs/lib1
# new file: libs/lib2
#
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git commit -a -m "add lib1 and lib2"
[master 8dc697f] add lib1 and lib2
3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 .gitmodules
create mode 160000 libs/lib1
create mode 160000 libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 471 bytes, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project2.git
6e15c68..8dc697f master -> master
</file>
我們依次執(zhí)行了添加submodule并commit和push到倉(cāng)庫(kù)，此階段任務(wù)完成。
2.6 修改lib1和lib2并同步到project1和project2
假如開(kāi)發(fā)人員C同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)project1和project2，有可能在修改project1的某個(gè)功能的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)lib1或者lib2的某個(gè)組件有bug需要修復(fù)，這個(gè)需求多模塊和大型系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)常遇到，我們應(yīng)該怎么解決呢?
假如我的需求如下：
在lib1中添加一個(gè)文件：README，用來(lái)描述lib1的功能
在lib2中的lib2-features文件中添加一寫(xiě)文字：學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能
2.6.1 在lib1中添加一個(gè)文件：README
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) cd libs/lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib1 git:(master) echo "lib1 readme contents" > README
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib1 git:(master) ? git add README
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib1 git:(master) ? git commit -m "add file README"
[master 8c666d8] add file README
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib1 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 310 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git
36ad12d..8c666d8 master -> master
前面提到過(guò)現(xiàn)在僅僅只完成了一部分，我們需要在project2中再更新lib1的commit id：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git add libs/lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "update lib1 to lastest commit id"
[master ce1f3ba] update lib1 to lastest commit id
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
</file></file>
我們暫時(shí)不push到倉(cāng)庫(kù)，等待和lib2的修改一起push。
2.6.2 在lib2中的lib2-features文件添加文字
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) cd libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) echo "學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能" >> lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) ? git add lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "添加文字：學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能"
[master e372b21] 添加文字：學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 376 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git
7290dce..e372b21 master -> master
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) echo "學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能" >> lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) ? git add lib2-features
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "添加文字：學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能"
[master e372b21] 添加文字：學(xué)習(xí)Git submodule的修改并同步功能
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 376 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git
7290dce..e372b21 master -> master
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2/libs/lib2 git:(master) cd -
~/submd/ws/project2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib2 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git add libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) ? git commit -m "update lib2 to lastest commit id"
[master df344c5] update lib2 to lastest commit id
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
#
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 8, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 776 bytes, done.
Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (6/6), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project2.git
8dc697f..df344c5 master -> master
</file></file>
2.7 同步project2的lib1和lib2的修改到project1
現(xiàn)在project2已經(jīng)享受到了最新的代碼帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)，那么既然project1和project2屬于同一個(gè)風(fēng)格，或者調(diào)用同一個(gè)功能，要讓這兩個(gè)(可能幾十個(gè))項(xiàng)目保持一致。
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) cd ../project1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git pull
Already up-to-date.
看看上面的結(jié)果對(duì)嗎?為什么lib1和lib2更新了但是沒(méi)有顯示new commits呢?說(shuō)到這里我記得剛剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候真得要暈死了，Git跟我玩捉迷藏游戲，為什么我明明提交了但是從project1更新不到任何改動(dòng)呢?
幫大家分析一下問(wèn)題，不過(guò)在分析之前先看看當(dāng)前(project1和project2)的submodule狀態(tài)：
# project2 的狀態(tài)，也就是我們剛剛修改后的狀態(tài)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project2 git:(master) git submodule
8c666d86531513dd1aebdf235f142adbac72c035 libs/lib1 (heads/master)
e372b21dffa611802c282278ec916b5418acebc2 libs/lib2 (heads/master)
# project1 的狀態(tài)，等待更新submodules
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git submodule
36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2 libs/lib1 (remotes/origin/HEAD)
7290dce0062bd77df1d83b27dd3fa3f25a836b54 libs/lib2 (heads/master)
兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目有兩個(gè)區(qū)別：
commit id各不相同
libs/lib1所處的分支不同
2.7.1 更新project1的lib1和lib2改動(dòng)
我們還記得剛剛在project2中修改的時(shí)候把lib1和lib2都切換到了master分支，目前project1中的lib1不在任何分支，我們先切換到master分支：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) cd libs/lib1
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1/libs/lib1 git checkout master
Previous HEAD position was 36ad12d... update lib1-features by developer B
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is behind 'origin/master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1/libs/lib1 git:(master) git pull
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1
36ad12d..8c666d8 master -> origin/master
Updating c22aff8..8c666d8
Fast-forward
README | 1 +
lib1-features | 1 +
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1/libs/lib1 git:(master)
果不其然，我們看到了剛剛在project2中修改的內(nèi)容，同步到了project1中，當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在更新了project1的lib1，commit id也會(huì)隨之變動(dòng)：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1/libs/lib1 git:(master) cd ../../
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git diff
diff --git a/libs/lib1 b/libs/lib1
index 36ad12d..8c666d8 160000
--- a/libs/lib1
+++ b/libs/lib1
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2
+Subproject commit 8c666d86531513dd1aebdf235f142adbac72c035
</file></file>
現(xiàn)在最新的commit id和project2目前的狀態(tài)一致，說(shuō)明真的同步了;好的，現(xiàn)在可以使用相同的辦法更新lib2了：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? cd libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1/libs/lib2 git:(master) git pull
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2
7290dce..e372b21 master -> origin/master
Updating 7290dce..e372b21
Fast-forward
lib2-features | 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
2.7.2 更新project1的submodule引用
在2.7.1中我們更新了project1的lib1和lib2的最新版本，現(xiàn)在要把最新的commit id保存到project1中以保持最新的引用。
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
# modified: libs/lib2 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) ? git commit -a -m "update lib1 and lib2 commit id to new version"
[master 8fcca50] update lib1 and lib2 commit id to new version
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1 git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 397 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
c96838a..8fcca50 master -> master
</file></file>
2.8 更新project1-b項(xiàng)目的子模塊(使用腳本)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git pull
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1
c96838a..8fcca50 master -> origin/master
Updating c96838a..8fcca50
Fast-forward
libs/lib1 | 2 +-
libs/lib2 | 2 +-
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# modified: libs/lib1 (new commits)
# modified: libs/lib2 (new commits)
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
</file></file>
Git提示lib1和lib2有更新內(nèi)容，這個(gè)判斷的依據(jù)來(lái)源于submodule commit id的引用。
現(xiàn)在怎么更新呢?難道還是像project1中那樣進(jìn)入子模塊的目錄然后git checkout master，接著git pull?
而且現(xiàn)在僅僅才兩個(gè)子模塊、兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目，如果在真實(shí)的項(xiàng)目中使用的話可能幾個(gè)到幾十個(gè)不等，再加上N個(gè)submodule，自己算一下要怎么更新多少個(gè)submodules?
例如筆者現(xiàn)在做的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目有5個(gè)web模塊，每個(gè)web模塊引用公共的css、js、images、jsp資源，這樣就有20個(gè)submodule需要更新!!!
工欲善其事，必先利其器，寫(xiě)一個(gè)腳本代替手動(dòng)任務(wù)。
2.8.1 牛刀小試
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? grep path .gitmodules | awk '{ print $3 }' > /tmp/study-git-submodule-dirs
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? cat /tmp/study-git-submodule-dirs
libs/lib1
libs/lib2
我們通過(guò)分析.gitmodules文件得出子模塊的路徑，然后就可以根據(jù)這些路徑進(jìn)行更新。
2.8.2 上路
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? mkdir bin
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? vi bin/update-submodules.sh
把下面的腳本復(fù)制到bin/update-submodules.sh中：
#!/bin/bash
grep path .gitmodules | awk '{ print $3 }' > /tmp/study-git-submodule-dirs
# read
while read LINE
do
echo $LINE
(cd ./$LINE && git checkout master && git pull)
done < /tmp/study-git-submodule-dirs
稍微解釋一下上面的腳本執(zhí)行過(guò)程：
首先把子模塊的路徑寫(xiě)入到文件/tmp/study-git-submodule-dirs中;
然后讀取文件中的子模塊路徑，依次切換到master分支(修改都是在master分支上進(jìn)行的)，最后更新最近改動(dòng)。
2.8.3 2013-01-19更新
網(wǎng)友@紫煌給出了更好的辦法，一個(gè)命令就可以代替上面的bin/update-submodules.sh的功能：
git submodule foreach git pull
此命令也腳本一樣，循環(huán)進(jìn)入(enter)每個(gè)子模塊的目錄，然后執(zhí)行foreach后面的命令。
該后面的命令可以任意的，例如 git submodule foreach ls -l 可以列出每個(gè)子模塊的文件列表
2.8.3 體驗(yàn)工具帶來(lái)的便利
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git submodule
+36ad12d40d8a41a4a88a64add27bd57cf56c9de2 libs/lib1 (heads/master)
+7290dce0062bd77df1d83b27dd3fa3f25a836b54 libs/lib2 (heads/master)
# 添加執(zhí)行權(quán)限
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? chmod +x ./bin/update-submodules.sh
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? ./bin/update-submodules.sh
libs/lib1
Already on 'master'
remote: Counting objects: 4, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1
36ad12d..8c666d8 master -> origin/master
Updating 36ad12d..8c666d8
Fast-forward
README | 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README
libs/lib2
Switched to branch 'master'
remote: Counting objects: 5, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2
7290dce..e372b21 master -> origin/master
Updating 7290dce..e372b21
Fast-forward
lib2-features | 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git submodule
8c666d86531513dd1aebdf235f142adbac72c035 libs/lib1 (heads/master)
e372b21dffa611802c282278ec916b5418acebc2 libs/lib2 (heads/master)
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# bin/
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
</file>
更新之后的兩個(gè)變化：
git submodule的結(jié)果和project2的submodule commit id保持一致;
project1-b不再提示new commits了。
現(xiàn)在可以把工具添加到倉(cāng)庫(kù)了，當(dāng)然你可以很驕傲的分享給其他項(xiàng)目組的同事。
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git add bin/update-submodules.sh
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) ? git commit -m "添加自動(dòng)更新submodule的快捷腳本^_^"
[master 756e788] 添加自動(dòng)更新submodule的快捷腳本^_^
1 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100755 bin/update-submodules.sh
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-b git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 625 bytes, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
8fcca50..756e788 master -> master
2.9 新進(jìn)員工加入團(tuán)隊(duì)，一次性Clone項(xiàng)目和Submodules
一般人使用的時(shí)候都是使用如下命令：
git clone /path/to/repos/foo.git
git submodule init
git submodule update
新員工不耐煩了，嘴上不說(shuō)但是心里想：怎么那么麻煩?
上面的命令簡(jiǎn)直弱暴了，直接一行命令搞定：
git clone --recursive /path/to/repos/foo.git
–recursive參數(shù)的含義：可以在clone項(xiàng)目時(shí)同時(shí)clone關(guān)聯(lián)的submodules。
git help 對(duì)其解釋：
--recursive, --recurse-submodules
After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within, using their default settings. This is equivalent to running git
submodule update --init --recursive immediately after the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository
does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of --no-checkout/-n, --bare, or --mirror is given)
2.9.1 使用一鍵方式克隆project2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone --recursive ../repos/project2.git project2-auto-clone-submodules
Cloning into project2-auto-clone-submodules...
done.
Submodule 'libs/lib1' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git) registered for path 'libs/lib1'
Submodule 'libs/lib2' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git) registered for path 'libs/lib2'
Cloning into libs/lib1...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib1': checked out '8c666d86531513dd1aebdf235f142adbac72c035'
Cloning into libs/lib2...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib2': checked out 'e372b21dffa611802c282278ec916b5418acebc2'
舒服……
3.移除Submodule
牢騷：搞不明白為什么git不設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)類似：git submodule remove的命令呢?
我們從project1.git克隆一個(gè)項(xiàng)目用來(lái)練習(xí)移除submodule：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws git clone --recursive ../repos/project1.git project1-remove-submodules
Cloning into project1-remove-submodules...
done.
Submodule 'libs/lib1' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git) registered for path 'libs/lib1'
Submodule 'libs/lib2' (/home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git) registered for path 'libs/lib2'
Cloning into libs/lib1...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib1': checked out '8c666d86531513dd1aebdf235f142adbac72c035'
Cloning into libs/lib2...
done.
Submodule path 'libs/lib2': checked out 'e372b21dffa611802c282278ec916b5418acebc2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd !$
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws cd project1-remove-submodules
3.1 Step by
1、刪除git cache和物理文件夾
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) git rm -r --cached libs/
rm 'libs/lib1'
rm 'libs/lib2'
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) ? rm -rf libs
2、刪除.gitmodules的內(nèi)容(或者整個(gè)文件) 因?yàn)楸纠挥袃蓚€(gè)子模塊，直接刪除文件：
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) ? rm .gitmodules
如果僅僅刪除某一個(gè)submodule那么打開(kāi).gitmodules文件編輯，刪除對(duì)應(yīng)submodule配置即可。
3、刪除.git/config的submodule配置 源文件：
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
[submodule "libs/lib1"]
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib1.git
[submodule "libs/lib2"]
url = /home/henryyan/submd/repos/lib2.git
刪除后：
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
4、提交更改
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) ? git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
#
# deleted: libs/lib1
# deleted: libs/lib2
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
# (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
# deleted: .gitmodules
#
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) ? git add .gitmodules
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) ? git commit -m "刪除子模塊lib1和lib2"
[master 5e2ee71] 刪除子模塊lib1和lib2
3 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 .gitmodules
delete mode 160000 libs/lib1
delete mode 160000 libs/lib2
? henryyan@hy-hp ~/submd/ws/project1-remove-submodules git:(master) git push
Counting objects: 3, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (2/2), 302 bytes, done.
Total 2 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (2/2), done.
To /home/henryyan/submd/ws/../repos/project1.git
756e788..5e2ee71 master -> master
</file></file></file>
4.結(jié)束語(yǔ)
對(duì)于Git Submodule來(lái)說(shuō)在剛剛接觸的時(shí)候多少會(huì)有點(diǎn)凌亂的趕緊，尤其是沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)svn:externals。
本文從開(kāi)始創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目到使用git submodule的每個(gè)步驟以及細(xì)節(jié)、原理逐一講解，希望到此讀者能駕馭它。
學(xué)會(huì)了Git submdoule你的項(xiàng)目中再也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量重復(fù)的資源文件、公共類庫(kù)，更不會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)版本，甚至一個(gè)客戶的多個(gè)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)格存在各種差異。
來(lái)源：http://www.kafeitu.me/git/2012/03/27/git-submodule.html
拉取所有子模塊
git submodule foreach git pull
git submodule foreach --recursive git submodule init
git submodule foreach --recursive git submodule update
到此這篇關(guān)于Git Submodule使用完整教程(小結(jié))的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Git Submodule使用內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
文章轉(zhuǎn)自腳本之家，原文鏈接：https://www.jb51.net/article/193194.htm
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